Uterine polyps, also called endometrial polyps, are small growths that arise from the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). They form when endometrial tissue grows in a localised area and projects into the uterine cavity.
Polyps are usually benign (non-cancerous) and can vary in size from a few millimetres to several centimetres. Some women may have a single polyp, while others may develop multiple polyps.
They are a common gynaecological condition and are often discovered during investigations for abnormal bleeding or fertility concerns.
Symptoms of Uterine Polyps
The most common symptom of uterine polyps is irregular menstrual periods. Menorrhagia or abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, bleeding between periods and bleeding even after menopause or during sexual intercourse are some of the other symptoms of uterine polyps. Infertility may also be an indication of the presence of uterine polyps.
Diagnosis of Uterine Polyps
Uterine polyps are diagnosed based on medical history and symptoms. Also, other diagnostic tests such as transvaginal ultrasound, sonohysterography, hysteroscopy, biopsy, and curettage may be performed.
Smaller polyps that do not cause any problem need not be removed but should be assessed every 6 months to check their progression. However, if uterine polyps cause pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, or infertility or if there is a previous history of miscarriage, then removal of uterine polyps (polypectomy) may be considered.
Larger polyps need to be operated in a hospital under general anaesthesia. In order to remove the uterine polyp, surgery may be performed along with a hysteroscopy.
