Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition affecting women of reproductive age. It can influence menstrual cycles, ovulation, hormone levels and metabolic health. PCOS is one of the most frequent causes of irregular periods and difficulty conceiving, although many women with PCOS can successfully achieve pregnancy with appropriate treatment.
PCOS presents differently in each individual. Some women experience only mild symptoms, while others may have more significant hormonal or reproductive effects.
Dr Dunn can assist with treatments for PCOS subfertility.
Causes of PCOS
The exact cause of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is not fully understood. It is considered a multifactorial condition, meaning it develops due to a combination of genetic, hormonal and metabolic factors that affect how the ovaries function.
Women with a family history of polycystic ovarian syndrome are at a higher risk of developing this condition. Researchers have also found an association between excessive insulin production and the development of PCOS.
Rather than a single cause, PCOS appears to arise from interactions between the ovaries, the brain, and the body’s metabolic systems, which together regulate hormones and ovulation.
Symptoms of PCOS
Symptoms of PCOS vary widely and may develop gradually over time. Some women may not realise they have the condition until they seek medical advice for irregular cycles or fertility concerns.
Common symptoms include:
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods
- Difficulty conceiving
- Acne or oily skin
- Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
- Thinning hair on the scalp
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
Some women with PCOS also develop metabolic features, including insulin resistance.
Diagnosis of PCOS
PCOS is diagnosed using a combination of clinical history, blood tests and ultrasound findings.
Treatment of PCOS
Management of PCOS is individualised and depends on symptoms, reproductive goals and overall health.
Treatment approaches may include:
Cycle regulation
Hormonal therapies may help regulate menstrual cycles and protect the uterine lining.
Ovulation induction
Medications can stimulate ovulation in women who are trying to conceive.
Management of hormonal symptoms
Treatment may address acne, excess hair growth or androgen-related symptoms.
Metabolic and lifestyle optimisation
Supporting healthy metabolic function can improve both reproductive and long-term health outcomes.
The goal of treatment is to improve symptoms, support fertility when desired, and optimise long-term health.
